However, the german version of the pss10 has not yet been validated. Psychometric properties of the chinese version of the. In such circumstances, a valid measure to screen for stress in ethiopians is necessary. The 10item perceived stress scale is widely used to index subjective stress, and the statetrait personality inventory is a 30item questionnaire assessing anxiety, anger, and curiosity. The perceived stress scale pss was developed to measure how controllable and unpredictable people viewed their lives, an important component of the experience of stress. Psychometric analysis of the tenitem perceived stress scale. The questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. Assessment of differential item functioning in the perceived stress scale10. The 20item four factor cultural intelligence scale cqs.
The short fouritem scale of the perceived stress scale was used for this study cohen, 1994. Perceived stress scale 4 items pss4 mapi research trust. The questions in this scale ask about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. May 23, 2016 the perceived stress scale cohen j health soc behav 24.
The perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. Instructions, items and subscales of the german 10item perceived. Psychological stress has been defined as the extent to which persons perceive appraise that their demands exceed their ability to cope the pss was published in 1983, and has become one of the most widely used psychological instruments for measuring nonspecific. The perceived stress scale was developed by sheldon cohen and his colleagues. Psychometric analysis of the tenitem perceived stress scale john m. Perceived stress scale, pss usefulness to practitioners the pss provides an opportunity to understand how a family sees their own strengths and challenges in. Determining factors for stress perception assessed with. This article provides population norms for the short form perceived stress scale pss 4 and investigates the relationship between pss 4 scores and sociodemographic variables. In the last month, how often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things in your life.
Journal of epidemiology and community health 53 319320. Perceived stress scale tested in a sample of 100 undergraduate students in ekiti state university, ado ekiti, nigeria. Thus, the purposes of this representative study were to psychometrically evaluate the pss10, and to provide norm values for the german population. Each item is rated on a 5point scale ranging from never 0 to almost always 4.
However, the limited four item abridged scale suffers in internal reliability r. Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale in. Perceived stress scale by sheldon cohen the perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. Pss4 scores are obtained by summing across all four items. The pss4 uses a 5point likerttype scale and asks participants how frequently they. New, normative, englishsample data for the short form. The perceived stress scale pss is a classic stress assessment instrument.
Background the 10item perceived stress scale pss10 is one of most widely used instruments to measure a global level of perceived stress in a range of clinical and research settings. First, the positively worded items are recoded so that higher scores indicate greater perceived stress. Measures included korean versions of the perceived stress scale, the pittsburgh sleep quality index, and a single. I will not be sending a followup letter or email specifically authorizing you by name to use the scale. Items are summed to form a single global composite score range 1144 with higher scores indicating a greater. The target populations of psychometric studies using the pss have far mainly comprised college students, and the underlying constructs of the pss versions. This article provides population norms for the short form perceived stress scale pss4 and investigates the relationship between pss4 scores and sociodemographic variables. Prior to the development of the pss, assessment of stress tended to focus on objective indicators e. Perceived stress scale scoring pss4 scores are obtained by reverse coding the positive items, e. Stress and its risk factors are frequently seen in ethiopians including university students. Journal of health and social behavior, 24, 385396 full text article cohen, s.
Harris poll gathered information on 2,387 respondents in the u. In each case, please indicate with a check how often you felt or thought a certain way. Stress perception depends on cultural and social aspects that vary from one country to another. The perceived stress scale pss is one of the most highly cited scales for the measurement of the degree to which life appears stressful. The perceived stress scale cohen j health soc behav 24. The pss14 is comprised of 14 items intended to measure how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded individuals find their life circumstances. The 10item perceived stress scale pss10 is a widely used instrument to measure individuals appraisal of global stress in academic research and clinical practice. Reliability and validity of the 4item perceived stress scale among pregnant women. It is a measure of the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. Positively worded items are reverse scored, and the ratings are summed, with higher scores indicating more perceived stress. The perceived stress scale is a 14 item measure of the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful with responses rated on a 5point likert scale 0 never to 4 very often. Now add up your scores for each item to get a total.
Mothers who breastfed had significantly less perceived stress in the month preceding the test than did the those who bottle fed. Items 4, 5, 7, and 8 are the positively stated items. However, a recent study exploring the structure of the pss4 in a community sample showed insufficient internal validity of the brief fouritem. It is a selfreported questionnaire that was designed to measure the degree to which individuals appraise situations in their lives as stressful cohen et al. A global measure of perceived stress wofford college.
If one item is missing, this item is imputed with the rounded mean of the other 9 items. The short four item scale of the perceived stress scale was used for this study cohen, 1994. Storch because of increased stress conditions in college students, updated psychometrics of the perceived stress scale, 10item version pss10. To translate the perceived stress scale versions pss4. Therefore, in order to identify these factors and their impact on mental health, the present study compares the pss4 results among three european countries great. Perceived stress scale 4 pss 4 instructions the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month.
The pss4 is a fouritem version of the perceived stress scale developed by cohen. Items were designed to tap how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives. Psychometric evaluation of the perceived stress scale in. The perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological. Individuals rate items on a 5point likert scale, ranging from 0 never to 4 very often. Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale article pdf available in asian nursing research 6 4. Therefore, we assessed the psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale pss in ethiopian university. Request pdf new, normative, englishsample data for the short form. Jan 26, 2018 confirmatory factor analysis of the perceived stress scale4 in a community sample. The pss14 was responded by 364 out of the 367 pregnant women. Examining perceptions of academic stress and its sources.
Further psychometric support for the 10item version of the perceived stress scale jonathan w. American psychologist, 41, 716719 full text article cohen s and williamson gm 1988. The original version had 14 items asking participants to rate their stress over the past month 4, with seven items negatively stated and seven items positively stated. Items were designed to assess feelings of being overwhelmed and being unable to control or predict events in ones life. Storch because of increased stress conditions in college students, updated psychometrics of the perceived stress scale, 10 item version pss10. Perceived stress scale the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last year. There are two shorter versions, one consisting of 10 items and another of 4 items for telephone interviews. The 10 item perceived stress scale is widely used to index subjective stress, and the statetrait personality inventory is a 30 item questionnaire assessing anxiety, anger, and curiosity. Pss14 items were responded to on a fivepoint likert scale 0 not at all, 1 rarely, 2 sometimes, 3 fairly often, 4 very often. The essence of this is to ascertain the elimination of geographical bias inherent in the original scale. Aug 11, 2011 to translate the perceived stress scale versions pss4. Stress is a common psychological condition usually associated with many psychophysical disorders. Therefore, we assessed the psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale pss in ethiopian.
Specifically, items are designed to measure the extent to which ones life is perceived as unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloading cohen et al. Korean versions of the perceived stress scale pss14, 10. A short 4 item scale can be made from questions 2, 4, 5 and 10 of the pss 10 item scale. The 4 item version is appropriate for use in situations requiring a very brief measure of stress perceptions. Child stress disorders checklist csdc perceived stress scale pss4 youth coping responses inventory ycri adjustment inventory questionnaire.
The subscale scores are not provided by lasa but can be derived by researchers from the separate items contained in file 104. Perceived stress scale 10 item version pss10i available in at least five languages, this selfreport scale measures the degree to which one experiences psychological stress. This study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the simplified chinese version of the pss10 in policewomen. Scores range from 056, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress. New, normative, englishsample data for the short form perceived.
The perceived stress scale pss is the most broadly utilized mental instrument for measuring the perception of stress. The german version of the perceived stress scale psychometric. The 4item version is appropriate for use in situations requiring a very brief measure of stress perceptions. Perceived stress in a probability sample of the united states. In each case, please indicate your response by placing an x over the square representing how often you felt or thought a certain way. Background the perceived stress scale pss is a representative instrument used to measure stress. Frontiers determining factors for stress perception. Contrasting the hassle scale and the perceived stress scale. One of the most widely disseminated methods of assessing psychological stress is the perceived stress scale pss4. The original pss comprises 14 items pss14 in two subscales, but 10 and 4item versions are also available pss10 and 4, respectively. The tool, while originally developed in 1983, remains a popular choice for helping us understand how different.
The pss4 was administered to an english sample n 1568 and was found to have acceptable psychometric properties. The perceived selfefficacy scale consists of the positive worded items items 4, 5, 7 and8 and ranges from 016. Profit related use of the perceived stress scale requires the permission of both the american sociological association asa and the author s. English, arabic, chinese, greek, korean, spanish, vietnamese psychometric properties. Mothers who breastfed had significantly less perceived stress in the month. Perceived stress scale, pss usefulness to practitioners the pss provides an opportunity to understand how a family sees their own strengths and challenges in managing stress. Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived. In our own research, we have found that high stress groups usually have a stress score of around 20 points. Note that this is the only approval letter you will get. The pss 4 was administered to an english sample n 1568 and was found to have acceptable psychometric properties. This tool, while originally developed in 1983, remains a popular choice for helping us understand how different situations affect our feelings and our perceived stress.
Further psychometric support for the 10item version of the. A psq index can be found by subtracting 30 from the raw score and dividing the result by 90, yielding a score between 0 and 1. If you find the perceived stress scale useful, you might be interested in these other great mind. Further psychometric support for the 10 item version of the perceived stress scale jonathan w. Determining factors for stress perception assessed with the. The perceived stress scale was developed to measure the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. Pss 4 is based on psychometric principles and is considered to be sound. The perception of academic stress scale dalia bedewy1 and adel gabriel2 abstract the development of a scale to measure perceived sources of academic stress among university students.
Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale. Pdf an arabic version of the perceived stress scale. The tool, while originally developed in 1983, remains a popular choice for helping us understand how different situations affect our feelings and our perceived stress. It was previously employed when collecting perceived stress levels over the phone during followup interviews. The questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during. The scale is derived by summing the score of the items, and ranges from 040. Jan, 2015 the pss14 is comprised of 14 items intended to measure how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded individuals find their life circumstances. As of august 2015, the paper by sheldon and colleagues 1983 has been cited nearly 5000 times. Perceived stress scale an overview sciencedirect topics.
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